In a book by Larry Hurtado which I'm currently reading he demonstrates why the hellenization of Jewish culture did not affect the view of Christ as God.
There are far too many things missing, and several facts. As an example, the Jewish culture was emphatically monotheistic. The Christian movement was persecuted very much for their apparent reverence for Christ alongside God because the Jews saw this as a gross blaspheme to God.
What was accomplished by the Christian movement is very significant. The movement first went to only Jews, and managed to convert them by the thousands. These were people who were devoutly monotheistic, and they knew the precarious position they put themselves in by accepting Christianity in the face of the Jewish religious leaders. They could have been charged with blasphemy like Stephen was - and stoned. But despite this they accepted Jesus, and did so all the while MAINTAINING their monotheism. They didn't view Christ as almighty God, they knew the difference. But they did reverence him along with God. anyway the point is, this development can owe no debt to the surrounding nations - it developed on its own merits.
Some argue that the inclusion of the Gentiles explains it, but it does not. Because history attests that it began with the Jews, and even in the bible we see Paul stating that he passed on what he was given - which he got from Peter in Jerusalem. So the source was always Jerusalem, and Jewish culture - it was never affected by the gentile mind of emperor worship.
Another point of fact is to suggest a cause and effect from the gentile nations necessitates that it not stop with just emperor worship. Why not include idols? But they never did this, not until well after Constantine. In fact, the Christians were persecuted by the gentile nations because they thought they were atheists since they had no idols anywhere, no gods to be found.
So it really doesn't hold up to scrutiny to suggest that the surrounding cultures were why any of it happened. Not only the bible, but also archeological finds suggest otherwise. Such as locations of Christian worship where only pictures of Old Testament prophets are found but no idols, which as I pointed out if they were going to accept emporer worship why not idolatry too?
anyway, I've typed way too much here.